A PCB or the Printed Circuit Board is a plastic
board reinforced with glass. There are attached copper lines and pads that link
together in this board, cut from a copper layer. These copper lines, also
called traces to let electrical charge flow through the PCB, rendering power to
the different components positioned systematically on the board. The copper
lines work in the place of wires, guiding the electricity to the right
destination.
Layers of PCB
The normal PCBs are single-sided boards with a
single copper layer. The copper lines can also be installed on dual sides of
the board, making a double-sided PCB. They become more and more intricate as
additional layers are added to the main design. These original layers have
their own copper trace formations. The copper networks cannot cross one another
without the electric charge's path being compromised, so multi-layered PCBs
become essential for advanced electronics. But, in the single-sided boards, one
side is set aside for the copper trace, and the other sidelines the components.
On topmost of the copper, layer rests the solder
mask and the silkscreen. The solder mask renders the PCB its recognizable green
color. This has the role of insulating the copper from any metal components
that might accidentally come into exposure with it. However, components of the
metal will remain in contact so that they can be soldered to. The silkscreen
rests on the topmost of the solder mask again. This has numbers and letters drawn
on it, which makes the structure of the PCB easier for the engineer.
Components of the PCB
The components of the PCB contain a wide range of
electronic parts. Some common PCB parts in electric devices like the Ethernet Control PCB includes:
Battery: It renders voltage to the circuit.
Resistors: They regulate the electric current as it passes through them. Resistors are color-coded.
LEDs: LEDs light up when current flows through it and will only permit current to flow in one direction.
Transistor: It amplifies charge.
Capacitors: They can harbor electrical charge.
Inductor: It keeps charge and prevents and changes in current.
Diode: It lets current pass in a single direction only, blocking the other.
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